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Find Books: Understanding Library of Congress Call Numbers

The Ohio University Libraries use several systems of call numbers in arranging their collections. The most important of these is the Library of Congress classification system, or LC for short. On the books themselves, LC call numbers have at least three lines. Disregarding for the moment any location symbols, the first line of a call number contains one, two, or (rarely) three letters of the alphabet which broadly define the subject area.

Principle #1

Single letters are filed before double letters in terms of shelf arrangement. This series is in correct order:

D DA DF DL DT

Principle #2

The first letter indicates a very broad subject area, which is made more specific by the addition of a second or third letter, as in this example:

KLaw in general
KFLaw of the United States
KFOLaw of Ohio

Follow this link for an outline of the LC letters and the subjects that they represent.

Principle #3

The second part of the call number is a numeral which further defines the subject. For example, books on Ohio law have call numbers ranging from

KFO 1 to KFO 599

depending on the particular aspects of Ohio law with which they deal.

Numbers on the second line can range from 1 to 9999 and can also have decimal point subdivisions. Books that begin with the same letter(s) on the first line but have different numbers on the second line are arranged in numerical order, as in this example:

QA
50
QA
55
QA
76
QA
76.15
QA
76.73

Principle #4

The third and (sometimes) fourth line consists of a single letter followed by a number. Books with call numbers that are exactly the same on the first two lines are arranged alphabetically by the letter on the third line and then, if the letters are the same, by the numbers on the third line.

This same method of arrangement also applies to books whose call numbers are exactly the same until the fourth line. The numbers which follow letters on the third or fourth lines should always be considered to be decimal numbers, even though the decimal point is not always printed. In other words, B3 and .B3have the same meaning.

The following sequence of call numbers, listed here in correct order, illustrates these points:

QA
76.73
A8
P47
QA
76.73
.B28
P47
QA
76.73
.B3
L53
QA
76.73
B3
S297
QA
76.73
B3
S83

Other Information in Call Numbers

The date of publication is often included in the call number, after the lines with letters and numbers. It is important to note, however, that the date in the call number is not necessarily the same as the copyright date of the book. You may need to check the front and back of the title page to find out when the contents of the volume were actually written.

Where appropriate, call numbers include volume numbers (Example: V. 13) in the case of multi-volume sets, and copy numbers (Example: C. 2) when there is more than one copy of a given book in the collection. On books themselves this information is printed below the date. ALICE provides specific information about our holdings of multiple volumes and copies on screens entitled Menu of Copies and Volumes.

The words Quarto or Oversize in a call number mean that the book is unusually tall, so much so that it has been shelved in a special area for such books. There is a special section of shelves on each floor of the General Stacks for books marked "Quarto" or "Oversize." Consult the floor plan posted by the elevators or stairwells for the exact locations.

Putting It All Together

The example below is about as complicated as a Library of Congress call number ever gets. The book it describes is The BASIC Handbook by David A. Lien.

Ref.Book is shelved in the Reference Department
QAGeneral subject area is mathematics
76.7376.73 is for computers (the .73 is specifically for programming languages)
.B3for the Basic programming language
L53Last name of author, Lien
1981Date of publication
OHIO University Libraries
Athens, OH 45701-2978
Phone: (740) 593-2699
Last updated: October 29, 2007
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