African Studies Blog

The premier of China Wen Jiabao pledged $10 billion in new low interest loans to African nations over three years, at the start of a two-day China-Africa summit in Egypt.  He said China would also forgive government debts of the poorest African nations that have relations with Beijing and would build 100 new clean energy projects for the continent. It would also gradually institute a zero-tariff policy on 95 percent of goods from some of the poorest countries. All this would take place over three years.

Read this at Washingtonpost.com

Guinea

West African neighbors of Guinea; Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire  and Sierra Leone are worried that the instability in that country could spill over to their countries. There are fears that the problems in Guinea could descend into civil war. The leaders of these countries who have all just ended bloody civil conflicts themselves often with foreign help recall how civil strife in one country has infected neighbours.

Read this at Economist.com

Watch a video of a World Bank rural maternal health program in Nigeria to help women and babies.

An interesting Eldis summary of a report on the potential of using mobile phones in improving global health.

This special report on health care and technology, published by The Economist, describes how developing countries are using mobile phones to provides personalised medicine. Drawing from experiences of various countries, the authors demonstrate how new technologies help to tackle the health problems of the world’s poorest.

The authors argue that given their ubiquity, personal convenience and interactivity, mobile phones offer an innovative way to reach reticent HIV sufferers. The authors report on one of the world’s biggest field trial of mobile health technology (or mHealth). Using a form of text messaging similar to SMS, Project Masiluleke in cooperation with MTN, sends out up to a million short messages a day, encouraging the recipients in their local language to contact the South African national AIDS hot line. The authors note that the response has been spectacular, especially among young men who have proved hard to reach in the past.

With demonstrated success in the use of mHealth in the likes of Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Mexico, the authors recommend that the visible face of any mHealth or e-health scheme, regardless of where it operates, needs to be as simple and user-friendly as possible, whereas the hidden back end should use sophisticated software and hardware.

The authors conclude that the poor clearly benefit from technical improvements that cut the cost of manufacturing medical devices, make drugs more effective, or eliminate the need for refrigerating vaccines, as well as through big technical breakthroughs that save many millions of lives. Mobile phones, as demonstrated from the examples in this report, can aid early detection, effective early responses, and remote medicine.

Here is a summary from ELDIS of the findings from a  behavioural surveillance study of men who have sex with men in Kigali, Rwanda. The study was conducted in 2008-2009 to describe this population in Kigali, and explore the  nature of sexual activity between MSM. 

Internationally men who have sex with men (MSM) have been identified as a high risk group for HIV acquisition, due to a tendency towards higher risk sexual behaviours and greater numbers of casual (and often commercial) sexual partners. This report from the National AIDS Control Commission Rwanda presents findings from a behavioural surveillance study (BSS) of men who have sex with men in Kigali, Rwanda. Ninety nine questionnaires were carried out which aimed to describe the population of MSM in Kigali and explore the nature of sexual activity between MSM. It was found that MSM in Kigali are at elevated risk for HIV infection compared to the general population, and require specific HIV/STI prevention services/support. The research uncovered a high level of commercial and transactional sex among MSM in Kigali and a high degree of overlap of sexual networks between MSM living in different regions in Rwanda, and perhaps in different countries in East Africa. Approximately one-quarter of respondents reported sex with a woman in the past 12 months. Nearly 40% of these respondents also reported engaging in transactional sex with a woman in the past 12 months.

The authors suggest that further research is urgently needed to assess HIV/other STI prevalence among MSM. They also recommend additional research into MSM sexual networks (i.e. commercial and transactional sex, sex with women, sex and travel). It is recommended that within a sensitive human rights framework, HIV/STI awareness-raising campaigns targeting MSM should be carried out in a method that maximises privacy and safety, and avoids any unintended population-directed stigma and discrimination. The document additionally highlights that health services should be reoriented to ensure that they are MSM-friendly and focused on the specific sexual health needs of MSM. Most urgently, efforts should be made to improve access to sexuality-sensitive psychosocial services, e.g. counselling, for MSM.

Full Report

Rwanda

An article in the New York Times reports that a suspect in Rwanda’s genocide in 1994 was arrested in Uganda last week. Idelphonse Nizeyimana has been wanted  by International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda for crimes against humanity, for his leadership and actions involving the murder of Tutsi civilians, families, and a ceremonial Tutsi queen.  He is to be charged, detained, and to stand trial for his crimes of almost 15 years ago.

Read it in the New York Times

Guinea

At the urging of trade union leaders, the government of Guinea has called for a national period of mourning, today and tomorrow (October 12- 13), in recognition of those killed in protests on September 28.  Businesses are closed, people are staying in their homes to mourn the deaths.  Riot police have been stationed in the areas to deter demonstrations, which have been declared illegal by the regime since the September 28th protest.

Read it in the Washington Post

Dr Steve Howard, Ohio University Director of the African Studies Program was honored Wednesday with the President’s Award from the President of Somalia in Columbus, Ohio.

The President of Somalia, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed was in Columbus on a visit sponsored by African Studies in cooperation with the Columbus Council on World Affairs. The inscription on the statuette read, “Thank you for being a friend of the Somali community.”

Read it in  Outlook : Ohio University News and Information

President Zuma of South Africa in an effort to deal with the violent crime in his country has called for “extraordinary measures” to deal with crime, especially the violent type. Among other things, he wants to give police a stronger right to kill, the Economist reports.

Read it at the  Economist.com

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Guinea Protests

Tensions in Guinea continues to rise  since last Monday when thousands demonstrating  against Captain Camara’s intimations of wanting to keep power were killed at  at point-blank range by his soldiers.  Reports say they beat and knifed many more, bashing elderly political figures and sending them to hospitals.

Read it in the New York Times

Uganda

An article in the New York Times titled “dialing for answers where Web can’t reach” describes an innovative service designed to get information to people in remote areas of  Uganda who have no access to computers. The service is called Question Box a  non profit telephone hot line operating at a small call center on the outskirts of Uganda’s capital city of Kampala.  The premise of Rose Shuman the creator of the service is that many barriers keep most of the developing world from taking advantage of the wealth of knowledge available through Web search engines.

Read it in the New York Times

Here are two news articles on the current situation in Guinea.  The articles describe recent protests against the current military government, and the government’s reactions to the events.

NY Times- Guinea’s Capital Fades Into a Ghost Town After Soldiers’ Rampage

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/world/africa/30guinea.html?_r=1

Washington Post- Guinea’s Military Leader Bans Demonstrations
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/30/AR2009093000743.html